ENDING A QUARTER OR EXTRA PERIOD

5.6 SITUATION:
A1 is fouled in the act of shooting by B1 in the fourth quarter. A1’s try or tap for field goal is successful to make the score with Team A leading 62-58. When the foul occurs, the clock is stopped with 0:00 showing, but no end-of-quarter signal (horn or light) has indicated.
RULING: A1 will attempt the free throw with free-throw lane spaces occupied as required. The fourth quarter time has not expired until the quarter-ending signal.

5.6.2 SITUATION A:
While the ball is in flight during a try by A1, time for the second quarter expires after which B1 touches the attempt on its upward flight toward the basket; however, the ball subsequently goes through the basket.
RULING: The touching does not end the try. The goal is scored. (4-41-4, 5-6-2 Exception 1)

5.6.2 SITUATION B:
Time for the first quarter expires while the ball is in flight during a field-goal try by A1. B1 intentionally fouls A2 before the field-goal attempt has ended. After the ball has become dead following the last free throw by A2, A3 flagrantly fouls B1.
RULING: A3 is disqualified for a flagrant technical foul. Because the foul by A3 was committed after the first quarter had ended, the second quarter will begin with the free-throw attempts by any Team B player. Team B is then awarded the ball at the division line opposite the table for a throw-in. This throw-in does not affect the possession arrow. (10-4-7, 10-4 PENALTY)

5.6.2 SITUATION C:
The ball is in flight during a try for field goal by A1 when time for the fourth quarter or for any extra period expires. The try is successful to make the score:
(a) A-60, B-60; or
(b) A-61, B-60.
Clearly after the ball becomes dead, A2 contacts B1.
RULING: A technical foul is charged if contact during a dead ball is intentional or flagrant. If flagrant, it results in disqualification of the player in addition to the free throws.
In (a), an extra period is played and this extra period is started by administering the penalty for the technical foul. If this occurrence is after an extra period, the procedure is the same as after the fourth quarter. The next extra period starts with the penalty for the technical foul.
In (b), the free throws are treated the same as if they were part of the preceding quarter or extra period. If only one free throw is successful, an extra period is played and the overtime period is started with a jump. If neither or if both free throws are successful, the game is ended.
(5-6-2 Exception 3, 5-6-2 Exception 4, 7-5-6a, 10-4-7)

5.6.2 SITUATION D:
Team A trails 60-59 with just a few seconds remaining in the fourth quarter of play. A1 is fouled in the act of shooting by B1 but time expires before the ball is in flight. A1 is awarded two free throws. The coach of Team B is charged with a technical foul before A1’s attempts. A1 makes:
(a) neither throw;
(b) one throw; or
(c) both throws.
When does Team A shoot the free throws resulting from the technical foul?
RULING: In (a) and (b), the two free throws for the technical foul are attempted as part of the fourth quarter as the foul occurred before the fourth quarter had ended.
In (a), the two free throws for the technical foul will determine if an extra period is necessary.
In (b), the one successful free throw ties the game and if either free throw for the technical foul is successful, no extra period is required.
In (c), the two successful free throws dictate there will be no extra period. The free throws for the technical foul are not administered as the outcome of the game has been determined.
A quarter or extra period does not end until all free throws which could affect the outcome of the game have been attempted and related activity has been completed.
(4-41-1, 5-6-2 Exception 3, 6-7-7)

5.6.2 SITUATION E:
A1 has been awarded two free throws after time has expired in the fourth quarter. Team B leads 62-60 and A1 misses the first free throw.
RULING: The second free throw will not be attempted. (5-6-2 Exception 3)

5.6.2 SITUATION F:
Following the end-of-game signal which has Team A leading 62-60, the coach of Team A sprints after the game officials and shouts profanity at the official who has just left the playing court outside the end line.
RULING: The referee shall charge the coach with a flagrant technical foul and the results of the two free throws will determine whether an extra period will be necessary. The jurisdiction of the officials had not ended as the official was still within the visual confines of the playing area. (2-2-4)

5.6.2 SITUATION G:
The score is tied when A1 is fouled in the act of shooting and the try is unsuccessful. Playing time for the fourth quarter expires while the ball is in flight. No players are allowed along the free-throw lane spaces. A1’s first free-throw attempt is successful. Immediately following the made free throw, the occupants of the Team A bench rush onto the court and a mini celebration takes place.
RULING: The second free throw is not required. No penalty unless the celebration or any act is unsporting and a foul is charged to Team A before the final score has been approved. (5-6-2 Exception 3)

5.6.2 SITUATION H:
Team A is leading 61-60. B1 fouls A1 in the act of shooting as time expires. As the officials approach the scorer's table, the Team A coach rushes the floor and begins screaming obscenities at the officials.

RULING: A flagrant technical foul is assessed to the Team A coach. The foul at the expiration of time is no longer ignored. The flagrant technical foul on the Team A coach created a false double foul situation, which may affect the outcome of the game. The penalties are administered in the order in which they occurred. With the free-throw lane spaces cleared, A1 shoots two free throws for being fouled in the act of shooting. If both are successful, the game is over. If one or both are missed, an eligible player from Team B shoots the two technical foul free throws. The free throws will determine the outcome of the game or an extra period will be played.

COMMENT: Jurisdiction of the officials is terminated when all officials leave the visual confines of the playing area. While the preferred action would be for all officials to immediately leave the playing area, such an observable action by the coach should be penalized as unsporting or flagrant. (4-19-9, 5-6-2 Exception 3, 10-5-1c)

5.6.2 SITUATION I:
During the pregame warm-up, the officials observe that the facility has functioning LED lights on each backboard. A1 begins the act of shooting just prior to the expiration of time in the first quarter. The covering official observes the attempt in A1's hands when the LED light is activated, but the ball appears to be out of the hands when the horn is sounded. The ball goes in the basket.

RULING: No goal; the quarter expired prior to the release of the try.

COMMENT: Red/LED lights provide a visual reference for officials to determine when a period has ended. The red/LED lights and the horn are expected to be synchronized, but since light travels faster than sound, it may appear that one follows the other. The red/LED lights give a more precise indication that a period has expired. (1-14, 6-7-6)

SECTION 6

BEGINNING, ENDING A QUARTER OR EXTRA PERIOD

ART. 1
Each quarter or extra period begins when the ball first becomes live.

ART. 2
Each quarter or extra period ends when the signal illuminates or sounds indicating time has expired, as in Rule 1-14.

EXCEPTIONS:

1.
If the ball is in flight during a try or tap for field goal, the quarter or extra period ends when the try or tap ends.

2.
If a held ball or violation occurs so near the expiration of time that the clock is not stopped before time expires, the quarter or extra period ends with the held ball or violation.

3.
If a foul occurs so near the expiration of time that the timer cannot get the clock stopped before time expires or after time expires, but while the ball is in flight during a try or tap for field goal, the quarter or extra period ends when the free throw(s) and all related activity have been completed. No penalty or part of a penalty carries over from one quarter or extra period to the next, except when a correctable error, as in Rule 2-10, is rectified. No free throw(s) shall be attempted after time has expired for the fourth quarter or any extra period, unless the point(s) would affect the outcome of the game.

4.
If a technical foul occurs after the ball becomes dead to end a quarter or extra period, the next quarter or extra period is started by administering the free throws. If the fourth quarter or extra period ends and the score is tied, the free throws will start the extra period. If the score is not tied and the results of the free throws would tie or win the game, the free throws are administered as part of the preceding quarter/period.

DISQUALIFICATION

4.14.1 SITUATION A:
A1 is fouled by B1 while Team A is in the bonus. The covering official is at the table reporting the foul when A1 is charged with a technical foul by the official who is observing the players. The foul on A1 is A1's fifth.

RULING: A1 is disqualified as both personal and technical fouls are counted. Because A1 has been disqualified, the player will not be allowed to attempt the free throw(s) resulting from B1's foul. The substitute for A1 will attempt the free throw(s). (8-2)

4.14.1 SITUATION B:
A1 is charged with A1's fourth personal foul and reacts by using profanity. The covering official charges A1 with a technical foul.

RULING: A1 is disqualified. The technical foul brings A1's total fouls to five, which results in automatic disqualification. This technical is not charged indirectly to the head coach, as A1 was not "bench personnel" when the technical foul was charged. (4-14-2, 10-4-6b)

4.14.1 SITUATION C:
A1 is fouled by B2 and is awarded two free throws. The foul is B2's fifth foul. The new trail official reports the fifth foul to Team B's coach. Before a substitute is made, the lead official incorrectly permits A1 to attempt the first free throw. The officials realize the error and huddle to discuss the situation.

RULING: The result of the first attempt shall stand. Team B's head coach shall be notified of B2's disqualification. Once B2 has been replaced, A1 shall attempt the second free throw.

COMMENT: This is an official's error and not a correctable error situation according to Rule 2-10. (2-8-3, 6-1-2c, 10-6-2)

4.14.1 SITUATION D:
A1 is fouled by B1 while Team A is in the bonus. In frustration, A1 pushes B1 after the ball becomes dead. A1 is assessed a technical foul. A1 successfully makes both free throws for the personal foul assessed to B1. B3 is ready to attempt the free throw for the technical foul by A1. The official scorer notifies the officials that the technical foul on A1 was A1's fifth.

RULING: Officials notify the Team A coach and A1 of the disqualification and allow a substitute for A1. The points made by A1 will stand. B3 is allowed to shoot the free throws for the technical foul and Team B is given the ball at half court to continue the game. (2-10-1c, 4-14-1)

10.5.1 SITUATION D: A1 commits a fifth foul and is disqualified. On the way to the team bench, A1 removes the jersey or pulls it over the face:
(a) before the coach is notified; or
(b) after the coach is notified.

RULING: In (a) and (b), a technical foul is charged to A1. In (b), an indirect technical foul is also charged to the head coach resulting in the loss of coaching-box privileges. A1 is considered to be bench personnel. (10-5-1h)

DISQUALIFICATION PROCEDURE

2.8.4 SITUATION:
Who informs the coach when a player is disqualified on fouls?

RULING: It is recommended that the ruling official be responsible for notification to the coach. The scorer is to indicate to that official when a player has committed a fifth foul (personal and technical) or second technical foul. The official will immediately notify the coach, the timer and then the player of the disqualification. The player is officially disqualified and becomes bench personnel when the coach is notified.

COMMENT: Once the coach is notified, the disqualified player becomes bench personnel and any subsequent technical foul on that disqualified player is also charged indirectly to the head coach. (2-12-5, 4-14, 10-6-2)

SECTION 14 DISQUALIFIED PLAYER

ART. 1 . . . A disqualified player is one who is barred from further participation in the game because of having committed a fifth foul (personal and technical), two technical fouls or a flagrant foul.

ART. 2 . . . A player is officially disqualified and becomes bench personnel when the coach is notified by an official.

CONTINUOUS MOTION
6.7 COMMENT:
If an opponent fouls after A1 has started a try for field goal, A1 is permitted to complete the customary arm movement; and, if A1 is pivoting or stepping when A1 or a teammate is fouled, A1 may complete the usual foot or body movement in any activity, as long as A1 is still holding the ball. If A1 starts a dribble, the “continuous motion” immediately ends. These privileges are granted only when the usual throwing motion has started before the foul occurs. The continuous-motion rule applies to a free-throw try as well as to a try or tap for field goal. However, in a tap for goal, the motion does not begin until the ball is touched.
The “continuous-motion” provision does not apply to batting or tipping the ball during rebounding or a jump ball. In these cases, A1 is not considered as being in the act of trying or tapping for field goal. If an opponent commits a foul during this type of action before the ball is in flight, the foul causes the ball to become dead immediately. In rebounding, the ball is not always batted. It might be caught in one hand and then thrown into the basket with a snap of the wrist or fingers or touched and tapped toward the basket. Under these circumstances, an official is justified in ruling that it is a try or tap for field goal instead of a bat. Continuous motion is of significance only when there is a personal or technical foul by B after the trying or tapping motion by A1 is started and before the ball is in flight. It includes any body, foot or arm motion normally used in trying for a field goal or free throw, and it ends when the ball leaves the hand(s) on the try or tap for field goal. (4-11)

6.7 SITUATION C
QUESTION:
Under what circumstances does the ball remain live when a foul occurs just prior to the ball being in flight during a try or tap for field goal?
RULING:
The ball would ordinarily become dead at once, but it remains live if the foul is by the defense, and this foul occurs after A1 has started the try or tap for field goal and time does not expire before the ball is in flight. The foul by the defense may be either personal or technical and the exception to the rule applies to field goal tries and taps and free-throw tries. (4-11, 4-41-1)

6.7 SITUATION D
A1 has started a try for a field goal (is in the act of shooting), but the ball is not yet in flight when the official blows the whistle for B2 fouling A2. A1’s try is successful.
RULING:
Score the goal by A1. If Team A is in the bonus, A2 will shoot free throws. If not, Team A will have a throw-in at one of the four designated spots based on the location of the foul relative to the three-point line to where the foul occurred.
COMMENT:
The foul by the defense need not be on the player in the act of shooting for continuous motion principles to apply. (6-7 Exception c)

CONTINUOUS MOTION
4.11.2 SITUATION:
A1 has ended their dribble in the free throw lane and
(a) is stepping toward the basket;
(b) is pivoting toward the basket.

In both cases, B1 fouls A1.

In (a), A1 legally finishes their last step.
In (b), A1 completes the pivot, before immediately jumping to attempt a try.
RULING:
In (a) and (b), if the try is successful, the goal counts. If the try is unsuccessful, A1 will be awarded two free throws as it was a two-point attempt. A player with the ball who is pivoting or stepping when fouled may complete the usual foot or body movement in any activity while holding the ball.
COMMENT:
The try starts when the player begins the motion, which habitually precedes the release of the ball. After a player ends a dribble and is stepping or pivoting toward the goal when fouled, the player should be considered in the act of shooting if the player continues the motion and releases the ball on a try. (4-41-3)

FRONTCOURT – BACKCOURT

9.9.1 SITUATION A:
A1 catches the throw-in pass with one foot on the floor in A’s frontcourt and the other foot not touching the floor. The non-pivot foot then comes down in A’s backcourt.
RULING: Violation. Player and team control are established in A’s frontcourt when A1 catches the throw-in pass. The violation occurs when A1 subsequently touches the backcourt with the non-pivot foot. (4-12-2a, 9-9-3)

9.9.1 SITUATION B:
During a jump ball, A1 taps the ball. A2 takes off from Team A’s frontcourt and catches the ball while in the air. A2 lands with:
(a) both feet in frontcourt and then steps to backcourt with one foot;
(b) one foot in backcourt and one in the frontcourt;
(c) both feet in the backcourt; or
(d) one foot in the frontcourt and then steps with the other foot into the backcourt.
RULING: Team control is not established until A2 catches the ball. Violation in (a). Legal in (b), (c) and (d). (4-12-6, 9-9-3)

9.9.1 SITUATION D:
Team A is awarded a throw-in near the division line. A1’s throw-in is deflected by B1; A2 jumps from Team A’s frontcourt, catches the ball in the air and lands in the backcourt.
RULING: Backcourt violation on Team A. The throw-in ends when it is legally touched by B1. A2 gains player and team control in the air after having left the floor from Team A’s frontcourt, therefore having frontcourt location/status. As soon as A2 lands in the backcourt, a backcourt violation has been committed. The exception granted during a throw-in ends when the throw-in ends and is only for the player making the initial touch on the ball. (9-9-3)

9.9.1 SITUATION E:
A1 inbounds the ball at the division line; A2 jumps from the frontcourt, controls the ball in the air, and while still in the air passes it to A3, who is in the backcourt.
RULING: Backcourt violation.
COMMENT: The throw-in exception only applies to the player initially receiving the throw-in pass (first touch). Since the throw-in has ended, all backcourt rules apply. Had A2 just landed in the backcourt, there would have been no violation. (9-9-3, 4-42-5)

9.9.1 SITUATION G:
Team A is making a throw-in from the end line in its frontcourt. A1 throws a high-arching pass toward the division line. B1, in the frontcourt, tips the ball. A2, also in the frontcourt, then tips the ball from the frontcourt into the backcourt. Player A2 then gains control of the ball.
RULING: Although there is team control on a throw-in, it only pertains to foul situations (4-19.7). Both B1 and A2 touched the ball, but touching the ball does not establish team control inbounds. Though the ball was touched last by the offense in the frontcourt, there was no violation by Team A since team control had not yet been established in Team A’s frontcourt before the ball went into Team A’s backcourt.

CONTACTING THE BACKBOARD AND BASKET INTERFERENCE

4.6.1 SITUATION:
A1 attempts a try for goal from just inside the three-point line. While the ball is in flight and approaching the cylinder, B1 leaps and slaps the backboard hard in an attempt to block the shot. The ball enters the cylinder and contacts the ring while the backboard is still visibly vibrating due to B1’s contact. The shot does not go in.
RULING:
This is basket interference by B1. The vibration of the backboard — caused by a defensive player’s contact — while the ball is in the cylinder and in contact with the ring, meets the definition under Rule 4-6-1a and 4-6-1b. The ball is declared dead immediately, and the goal is awarded to Team A.
COMMENT:
Basket interference occurs when a player causes the backboard or basket to vibrate while the ball is on or within the basket, is touching the backboard, or is within the imaginary cylinder. The timing of the vibration, not just the contact, now determines the violation.
4-6-1a, 4-6-1b, 9-17-1, 10-4-4 (if unsporting)

CONTACTING THE BACKBOARD

10.4.4 SITUATION:
A1 tries for a goal, and
(a) B1 jumps and attempts to block the shot but instead slaps or strikes the backboard and the ball goes into the basket; or
(b) B1 vibrates the ring as a result of pulling on the net and the ball does not enter the basket.
RULING:
In (a) legal and the goal counts; and
in (b) a technical foul is charged to B1 and there is no goal.
COMMENT:
The purpose of the rule is to penalize intentional contact with the backboard while a shot or try for goal is involved or placing a hand on the backboard to gain an advantage. A player who strikes either backboard so forcefully it cannot be ignored because it is an attempt to draw attention to the player, or a means of venting frustration may be assessed a technical foul pursuant to Rule 10-4-4.

INTENTIONAL FOUL

4.19.3 SITUATION A: B1 is charged with an intentional foul on A1 who is in the act of shooting: (a) a successful two-point or three-point try; (b) an unsuccessful two-point try; or (c) an unsuccessful three-point try.
RULING: In (a) and (b), A1 is awarded two free throws in addition to points awarded for a successful try. In (c), A1 is awarded three free throws. In all situations following the free throws, Team A is awarded a throw-in at one of the four designated out-of-bounds spots based on the location of the foul relative to the three-point line.

4.19.3 SITUATION D: Late in the fourth quarter Team B is trailing by six points. Team B's head coach begins to yell to his or her players to "foul, foul, foul!" B1 responds by (a) grabbing A1 from behind, or (b) reaching for the ball but illegally contacting A1 on the arm.
RULING: In (a), an intentional foul shall be ruled. In (b), a common foul shall be ruled as B1 was making a legitimate attempt to "play the ball."
COMMENT: Fouling near the end of a game is an acceptable coaching and playing strategy. Officials must determine if a foul is intentional by judging the fouling act itself, not whether or not the coach instructed a player to perform the act.

4.19.3 SITUATION G: Late in the fourth quarter, Team A leads by three points and Team B wishes to foul to stop the clock. B1 from behind (a) places two hands; (b) places and keeps one hand; or (c) is unable to keep a hand on the back of the dribbler A1 as they move into the frontcourt.
RULING: In (a) and (b), even though B1 was unable to reach for the ball, they made a legitimate play on the dribbler and committed a common foul. In (c), this is incidental contact. Play should continue and the clock should continue to run.

Video Case Play

Case 10.7.7 Situation B:

A1 is dribbling in a line down the center of the floor. B1 is running more than two steps behind A1 and in a line between the side of the lane and the sideline. A1 veers to the side to try and cut off B1 and create contact. If B1 remains behind and collides with A1, how should the official determine the fouling player?
RULING: Screening principles apply to the dribbler who attempts to cut off an opponent who is approaching in a different path from the rear. In this case, the dribbler must allow such opponent a maximum of two steps or an opportunity to stop or avoid contact. When both the dribbler and the opponent are moving in exactly the same path and same direction, the plyer behind is responsible for contact which results if the player in front slows down or stops. (4-7-2)

Case 7.6.4 Situation B:

A1 is attempting to make a throw-in and Team B is applying a great deal of pressure. B1 reaches through the boundary-line plane and waves a hand in an effort to prevent the pass. The action takes place on a court which has more than 3 feet of unobstructed space outside the boundary-line.
RULING: Team B is warned for violation of the boundary plane. The warning is reported to the scorer and to the coach and applies for the rest of the game. Any subsequent delay-of-game situation by Team B shall result in a technical foul charged to Team B.

Rule 9.2.10 NOTE 2:
In situations with the clock running and five seconds or less are left on the game clock, a throw-in plane violation or interfering with the ball following a goal should be ignored if its only purpose is to stop the clock.

Case 10.4.10 Situation A:

After a field goal, A1 has the ball out of bounds for a throw-in. Thrower A1 holds the ball; (a) B2 crosses the boundary line and fouls A1; or (b) B2 reaches through the out-of-bounds plane and touches the ball while in the hands of A1.
RULING: It is an intentional personal foul in (a), and a technical foul in (b). In (a), such a contract foul with a thrower during a throw-in shall be considered intentional, of if it is violent, it should be ruled flagrant.
COMMENT: Either act is a foul and it should be ruled as such whether the team had or had not been warned for a delay-of-game situation. If the players making the throw-in (A1) reaches through the out-of-bounds plane into the court and B1 then slaps the ball from the hand of A1, no violation has occurred. B1 has merely slapped a live ball from the hands of A1.

Case 4.34.1 Situation:

Team A requests a time-out; at the conclusion of the time-out as the teams are returning to the court, A1 curses at the game officials.
RULING: A1 is assessed a technical foul. The foul will count as one of A1's fouls toward disqualification and toward the team foul count.
COMMENT: During a time-out, A1 is considered a player and not bench personnel.

Case 4.34.2 Situation:

The third quarter ends; as the teams are heading to their respective benches, team members A1 and B1 verbally taunt one another.
RULING: Double technical foul charged to A1 and B1. During the intermission between quarters, all team members are bench personnel for the purpose of penalizing unsporting behavior. Both head coaches are indirectly charged with technical fouls and lose their coaching-box privileges. Play will resume at the point of interruption, which is an alternating-possession arrow throw-in, to being the fourth quarter.

Case 4.34.3 Situation:

Substitute A6 reports to the scorer to replace player A1 and awaits entry to the game. The U2 beckons A6 onto the court, and (a) A6 enters the court to participate; (b) A6 enters the court and commits an unsporting, non-contact foul; or (c) A1 swears at the official while heading to the bench.
RULING: A6 became a player upon being beckoned by the official and entering the court. Legal in (a). In (b) A6, now a player, is penalized with a technical foul which is added to the team foul total. In (c) A1, now bench personnel, is penalized with a technical foul, which is added to the team foul total and also charged as an indirect technical foul to the head coach resulting in the loss of coaching-box privileges.

Case 6.4.6 Situation A:

Team A is awarded the ball for a throw-in under the alternating procedure. Team A commits a violation.
RULING: B's ball for a throw-in because of the violation. In addition, the possession arrow is reversed and is pointed towards B's basket. Team B will have the next opportunity under the alternating procedure. Team A has lost its opportunity by virtue of the violation. A team loses its turn under the procedure.
COMMENT: If a foul by either team occurs before an alternating-possession throw-in ends, the foul is penalized as required and play continues as it normally would, but the possession arrow is not reversed. The same team will still have the arrow for the next alternating-possession throw-in. The arrow is reversed when an alternating-possession throw-in ends. 

Case 9.8.1 Situation A:

A1 is in A's backcourt and has dribbled for nine seconds and then passes the ball forward towards A2 in the frontcourt. While the ball is in the air traveling from backcourt to frontcourt, the 10-second count is reached.
RULING: Violation by Team A as the ball has not gained frontcourt location/status. It is B's ball for a throw-in from one of the four designated throw-in spots closest to where A1 released the ball on the pass toward A2. 

Case 9.9.1 Situation C:
A1 is dribbling in Team A's backcourt and throws a pass to the frontcourt. While standing in A's frontcourt: (a) A2 or (b) B3 touches the ball and deflects it back to A's backcourt where it touches the floor. A2 recovers in the backcourt.
RULING: In (a), it is a violation. The ball was in control of A1 and Team A, and a player from A was the last to touch the ball in the frontcourt and a player of A was the first to touch it after it returned to the backcourt. In (b), legal play. A Team A player was not the last to touch the ball in the frontcourt. Team A is entitled to a new 10-second count.

Case 9.9.1 Situation F:
A1 is holding, dribbling or pass the ball near the division line in the frontcourt. B1 deflects the ball into the air in the backcourt. Prior to the ball touching the floor in the backcourt, the ball is (a) caught by (b) touched by (c) touches A2 who has backcourt location/status (or is located in the backcourt).
RULING: Legal in a, b, and c. (9-9-1 Exception)

Case 4.12.1 Situation B:

A1 is dribbling in A's backcourt when the ball accidentally strikes A1's ankle and bounces away. During the interrupted dribble, A1 fouls B1 in attempting to continue the dribble.
RULING: A team-control foul is charged to A1. It is not a player control foul as the contact occurred during an interrupted dribble.

Case 4.19.7 Situation A:
A1 is dribbling the ball in the frontcourt when A2 sets an illegal screen against B2. Team B is in the bonus.
RULING: No free throws are awarded as this is a team-control foul. Award the ball to Team B at a designated spot out of bounds closest to where the foul occurred.

Case 4.19.7 Situation B:
A1 is passing the ball to A2 in the team's frontcourt when B2 deflects the pass. As A2 and B2 are attempting to retrieve the loose ball, A2 illegally pushes B2 from behind and a foul is ruled. Team B is in the bonus.
RULING: No free throws are awarded as this is a team-control foul. Award the ball to Team B at a designated spot out of bounds closest to where the foul occurred.

Case 4.19.7 Situation C:
A1 ends the dribble in Team A's backcourt and passes the ball to A2: (a) while the ball is in the air; or (b) after A2 has control, A1 charges into B2.
RULING: The foul on A1 in both (a) and (b) is a team-control foul. Team B is awarded the ball in its frontcourt for a throw-in at one of the four designated sports nearest to where the foul occurred.

Case 4.19.7 Situation D:
A1 has the ball for a throw-in in Team A's backcourt. The throw-in pass deflects off of A2. As A2 and B2 are attempting to retrieve the loose throw-in pass, A2 illegally pushes B2 from behind and the action is rules a foul. Team B is in the bonus.
RULING: Team A is in control during this throw-in, therefore a team-control foul has been committed. B2 is awarded a throw-in at one of the four designated throw-in spots nearest to where the foul occurred.

Case 3.2.2 Situation C:

Team A substitute No. 25 reports to the table for the first time with approximately one minute remaining in the second quarter and is beckoned onto the court. In (a), the ball is put in play by a throw-in from A1 to A2. The horn sounds and the scorer informs the officials that No. 25 is not listed in the scorebook. In (b), No. 25 plays the remainder of the second quarter. During half-time intermission, the official scorer realizes No. 25 is not listed in the scorebook and informs the officials when No. 25 returns to the court before the start of the third quarter.
RULING: In (a), No. 25 is currently in the game and became a player upon legally entering the court. Since No. 25's name and number must now be entered into the scorebook, a technical foul is charged to Team A. In (b), no penalty is assessed since No. 25 is not currently in the game. If No. 25 attempts to enter the game in the second half, 25's name and number will be added to the scorebook and a technical foul charged to Team A. (3-2-2b, 10-1-2b)

Case 10.2.2 Situation:
With Team A leading 51-50, a held ball is ruled. A6 properly reports and enters the game. A time-out request is granted to Team B. The clock shows two seconds remaining in the game. After play is resumed by a throw-in, the officials: (a) recognize that A has six players competing, but cannot get the clock stopped; or (b) do not notice Team A has six players on the court. Following the throw-in, time expires. Team B now reports to the officials that Team A had six players on the court.
RULING: In (a), since one of the officials had knowledge that Team A had six players participating simultaneously and this was detected prior to time expiring, a technical foul is assessed against Team A. In (b), since it was not recognized by any official, and was called to their attention after time had expired, it is too late to assess any penalty.

Case of the Week - Bench Technical

Case 10.5.1 Situation A:
A technical foul is charged to: (a) a Team A substitute; (b) Team B's manager; (c) Team A's athletic trainer; or (d) Team B's assistant coach. In all cases, the foul is charged because of uncomplimentary remarks addressed to an official.
RULING: The individuals in (a), (b), (c), and (d) are all considered to be bench personnel and have violated the rules governing conduct while on the "bench". A second technical charged to any of these individuals results in disqualification. In addition to charging a technical to the individuals in all cases, the technical foul is also charged indirectly to the head coach resulting in the loss of coaching-box privileges. A second technical foul charged directly, or the third technical foul (direct or indirect) charged to the head coach results in similar disqualification and ejection. (10-5-1a)

Case 10.5.1 Situation D:
A1 commits a fifth foul and is disqualified. On the way to the team bench, A1 makes an uncomplimentary remark toward an official: (a) before the coach is notified; or (b) after the coach is notified.
RULING: In (a) and (b), a technical foul is charged to A1. In (b), an indirect technical foul is also charged to the head coach resulting in the loss of coaching-box privileges. A1 is considered to be bench personnel. (10-5-1h) 

*BONUS* Case of the Week - Kicking the Ball

Case 4.29 Situation A:
During A1's attempt to pass to A1 in Team A's backcourt, B1 (a) intentionally uses a thigh to deflect the pass; (b) intentionally kicks the ball; or (c) has the ball accidentally hit B1's lower leg.
RULING: In (a) and (b), there is a kicking violation and Team A will receive the ball out of bounds nearest the violation. In (c), the ball remains live and there is no violation. (7-5-3b, 9-4)

Case 4.29 Situation B:
A1 has the ball for a throw-in. A1 rolls the ball to A2 who stops the ball by putting a foot on top of it, then bends over and picks up the ball.
RULING: Kicking violation on A2 for intentionally striking the ball with a foot. (9-4)

Rule 4.23 Art. 2... To obtain an initial legal guarding position:

a. The guard shall have both feet touching the playing court.
b. The front of the guard's torso shall be facing the opponent.

Case 4.23.1 Situation

(a) A1 is dribbling the ball; (b) A1 secures a rebound; or (c) A1 has returned to the floor after releasing a try for goal. In all cases, A1 trips over B1 who is lying on the floor, causing A1 to fall to the floor and/or lose control of the ball.
RULING: In (a), (b) and (c), blocking foul on B1. COMMENT: Lying on the playing court is not considered a legal guarding position.

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Rule 4.40 Art. 2... To establish a legal screening position:

a. The screener may face any direction.
b. Time and distance are relevant.
c. The screener shall be stationary, except when both the screener and opponent are moving in the same path and same direction.
d. The screener shall stay within the screener's vertical plane with a stance approximately shoulder width apart.

Case 4.40.2 Situation B:

A1 sets a stationary screen with their feet wider than shoulder width. B1 makes contact in the middle of A1's torso. 
RULING: No foul since the contact was made in A1's torso and the wider stance did not create an advantage.

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Case 4.44 Situation A: A1 attempts to catch the ball while running rapidly. A1 muffs the ball, but succeeds in securing it before it strikes the floor. A1 then begins a dribble, taking several steps between the time the ball was first touched until it was caught.
RULING: There has been no violation provided A1, after catching the ball, released the ball to start the dribble before the pivot foot was lifted from the floor.

Case 4.44 Situation B: A1 attempts a try after ending the dribble. The try does not touch the backboard, the ring, or any other player. A1 runs and is able to catch the ball before it strikes the floor. Is this traveling?
RULING: No. When A1 recovered A1's own try, A1 could either dribble, pass, or try again. There was no team control after the ball was released on a try.

Case 4.44.2 Situation B: Airborne A1 and A2 jointly grab the rebound and each alights simultaneously on both feet. A1 and A2 each move one foot in attempting to wrestle the ball from each other before realizing they are teammates.  A1 lets go and A2 dribbles away.
RULING: Legal. There has been no violation as neither A1 or A2 moved a pivot foot while they were in joint control.

Case 4.44.5 Situation B: A1 dives for a loose ball and slides after gaining control. A1 is in a position either on the back or stomach. What can A1 do without violating?
RULING: A1 may pass, shoot, start a dribble, or request a time-out. Once A1 has the ball and is no longer sliding, the player may not roll over. If flat on the back, A1 may sit up without violating. Any attempt to get to the feet is traveling unless A1 is dribbling. It is also traveling if A1 puts the ball on the floor, then rises and is the first to touch the ball.

Rule 4.44 Art. 5(a)...Traveling:
A player holding the ball may not touch the floor with a knee or any other part of the body other than hand or foot.

Rule 9.3 Art. 3...Out of Bounds:

A player shall not step out of bounds under the player's own volition and then become the first player to touch the ball after returning to the playing court or to avoid a violation.

Case 9.3.3 Situation A:

A1 receives a pass while in the restricted area of the three-second lane. A1 passes the ball to A2 outside the three-point line. In order to get the three-second count stopped, A1 steps directly out of bounds under A's basket.
RULING: A1 is charged with a violation for leaving the court to avoid a violation

Case 9.3.3 Situation B:

A1 and A2 set a double screen near the end line. A3 intentionally goes out of bounds outside the end line to have the defender (B3) detained by the double screen. (a) A3 receives a pass as soon as A3 re-enters the court from A4; (b) A3 does not receive a pass and play continues; (c) A4 continues to dribble the ball while B3 recovers defensively on A3. A3 continues to cut to get open and receives a pass from A4.
RULING: In (a), the official shall call a violation on A3 as soon as A3 touches the ball. The ball is awarded to Team B at a designated spot nearest to where the violation occurred. In (b) and (c), no violation has occurred and play continues. In (c), any advantage that was gained by A3 going out of bounds was no longer in effect when A3 received the pass from A4.

Case 9.3.3 Situation C:

A1 and A2 set a double screen near the end line. B3 intentionally goes out of bounds outside the end line to avoid being detained by A1 and A2. Just as B3 goes out of bounds, A3's try is in flight.
RULING: No violation for the defense leaving the court to avoid a screen since team control ended on the try even if B3 is the first player to touch the ball when returning to the court.

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